Rebuilding and conversion to x-bracing
update pair of vintage Harmony guitars
Alabama luthier James Burkett is restoring and rebuilding vintage Harmony
guitars for a new generation of guitar players. This work affirms the design
superiority, material integrity & sonic distinction of 20th C. American guitars.
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© 2021 by Kenneth Lelen — All Rights Reserved
See also: Vintage Guitar Conversions Proliferate — posted Saturday, Feb 7, 2015
Gene Autry Round-up Guitar Restored — posted Friday, July 29, 2016
Alabama
luthier James Burkett recently rebuilt and converted to X bracing a pair of
small jumbo acoustic guitars built by Harmony of Chicago in 1939-40. His Biltmore Ritz (1430 139) and Round-up (4728 244) restorations are the
latest examples of a two-decade effort to revitalize vintage acoustics for contemporary players.
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AFTER — REBUILDING AND X-BRACE CONVERSION
This pair of small jumbos —
Biltmore Ritz (left) and Gene Autry Round-up (right) — was rebuilt and
converted by luthier James Burkett. The back on each was temporarily removed so
he could replace original ladder bracing with a spruce X brace, spruce top
bracing and maple bridge plate. He also reglued body bracing, replaced a
pinless bridge with a straight rosewood bridge, repaired top cracks, replaced
back binding, reglued the original celluloid pickguard, and replaced failing
metal strip tuners with modern replicas.
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BEFORE — REBUILDING AND X-BRACE CONVERSION
Originally called
"auditorium" because "jumbo" was applied to a larger model
in its catalog, these small jumbo guitars were built by Harmony of Chicago
between the late 1930s and mid-1940. Each has a 14-3/4 in. lower bout width,
25-3/8 in. scale length, 3-3/4 in. body depth and 1-11/16 in. nut width. Biltmore
Ritz (left), with mahogany body, spruce top and mahogany neck, retailed for
$16.50, while Gene Autry Round-up (right), with birch body, spruce top and
poplar neck, cost $9.95 postpaid in Sears Roebuck's mail-order
catalog.
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Burkett's
work confirms the design superiority, material integrity and sonic distinction of American guitars built in the first half
of the 20th Century. Likewise, his success reflects a desire by today's musicians to use
instruments based on older shapes and sounds and not bust anyone's budget.
"They
see value in playing a converted vintage guitar," Burkett said.
"There's never any negotiation on price. They are not looking at price
points. They just want the sound."
Conversions start with good old
guitars
Burkett said guitar conversion and restoration
jobs start with "good ladder-braced guitars and really good X-braced
guitars." Most were built with a solid wood body, not ply or laminate, and Adirondack top. The combo offers a solid working surface for many of the steps he'll take to rebuild and convert a vintage guitar.
For instance, it takes no small amount of time to study the existing issues and plan steps that will be sound for a guitar as well as for a luthier's labor and material budget. Likewise, decisions and choices by a luthier may or may not jive with the decisions and choices of a woodworker.
After installing a spruce X brace, maple bridge plate and new bracing inside a spruce top, Burkett may take the time needed to replace and repair any missing,
damaged or loose kerfing. Cracks to the back and top may need cleaning, repair, cleating
and glue as well.
Burkett will often plane and refret a vintage fingerboard. But dyed maple or pearwood fingerboards,
which dry out and splinter, may need full replacement, not
just new frets.
He has to decide which wood — ebony or rosewood — to install for the new fingerboard. Will it match or contrast with the bridge? Is it economical to do this? How much time will this add to the job?
Replacing old tuners and adding neck reinforment
On the other hand, it makes sense to replace old and broken tuners, he said, with
modern replicas with a 15:1 worm to gear ratio. Guitar players realize new ones are not costly and can eliminate time spent fussing with old, rusty or balky tuning machines.
Not
infrequently, Burkett will bury a reinforment rod (metal, ebony or graphite) in a neck beneath a
vintage fretboard. It adds strength and mass to the guitar at minimal cost and weight — 2 oz. to 3 oz.
But the neck may be too old, too narrow or too fragile for any such improvement. So, his decision to add reinforcement — or not — may be an educated guess or a shot in the dark.
No longer
second-tier models
But once he
converts and rebuilds his vintage acoustics, they're no longer
second-tier models. "They're $2500 guitars," Burkett said.
"Still, you can't hardly get [that kind of] money for them today."
Burkett
researched competitor listings on Reverb to ascertain asking prices on guitar
conversions. Prices topped out at $1,800, he said.
"Most
[candidate guitars] I buy for $200 to $300, then convert and sell them for
$1,000 to $1,200 or a little more," he said. "It can take a lot of
time to clear $500 after I spend a month [working] on it. I guess I've not run
this [work] as a money-making thing for profit."
Burkett
began building and restoring guitars as a part-time venture in the mid-1990s.
His first work came about after he bought several unfinished project guitars
from a luthier who had retired.
No shortage of candidate guitars
"Since
then, there's been no shortage of candidate guitars or beat-up ladder-braced
shipwrecks that benefit from conversion to X bracing and full
restoration," said Burkett, who retired in 2012 from a full-time job in
commercial construction, work he said he does not miss.
Burkett
has also built 38 new acoustic guitars with maple, mahogany and rosewood
bodies. Most were dreadnoughts and a few were grand concert models. He exhibits no shortage of pride about these guitars.
Still,
the hot-rod side of his work — rebuilding and rebracing old ladder-braced
instruments — sped through all the stop lights in town after he revived a
Harmony H1260 jumbo for a musician in Nashville. Burkett soon received seven
orders for similar Harmony conversions from folks who called and said, "Do
you have one like his?"
He has
never counted the number of vintage guitars he has rebuilt or converted over
the years. "My work got heavy in the last two or three years once I
[stopped doing] most of my own finish work," he said. "I hate finish
work [due to preparation, mess and smell] and I've not found anyone to send it to
who will do it to my likes."
With
insufficient shop space for finish work, Burkett set up a finishing booth in a
backyard tool shed. "I can now get a consistent sunburst finish I
like," he said, "even though I'm not looking for something with a
brand-new shining finish."
Like many
luthiers, Burkett has more guitar projects than time. "At my age I have
only so many restorations in me and not a lot of time for guitars I'm not
already working on," he said. "It's just me in this little shop in my
backyard."
Rebuilding and converting the
Biltmore Ritz
Burkett
took numerous photographs while he disassembled, cleaned, rebraced, repaired and rebuilt the Biltmore Ritz. His work
began by pulling the guitar's neck and temporarily removing the mahogany back and its binding
from the body.
With the back off, he had access to the original ladder bracing for its removal
as well as to the neck and tail blocks, rims and kerfing for repair, trimming
and cleaning. He also found and reglued the tips of loose braces on the back.
Following are some of his images and descriptions of the conversion and rebuilding process.
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Left – Spruce top with original ladder bracing, mahogany rim, kerfing and blocking.
Right — Mahogany back and its original parallel bracing after separation from body. |
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Ladder bracing was removed
from the
top and interior surfaces were cleaned.
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X brace, bridge plate and
support
bracing were installed on
the top.
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Mahogany back was
reinstalled with glue and clamps. |
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New edge binding was
installed on the mahogany back. |
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New binding along the back edge was glued and
secured with tape. |
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With completion of the top rebracing and
re-installation of the guitar back, the mahogany neck was reset. The rosewood fingerboard was then planed and
refretted. This photo shows the rebuilt guitar prior to installation of a new straight rosewood bridge and white side dots. The original celluloid pickguard was also reglued at this time.
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White side dots were installed at the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 12th frets.
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Built in 1940 with ladder-braced
spruce top by Harmony Co.,
this Biltmore Ritz was disassembled, converted to X bracing and rebuilt by Alabama luthier James Burkett in early 2021.
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© 2021 by Kenneth Lelen — All Rights Reserved
